What makes up the price of a BESS?

Approximate breakdown: cells and modules 50–55%, PCS (bidirectional converter) 15–18%, BMS and EMS 5–8%, container, rack and cooling 8–10%, cabling and protection 5–8%, installation 5–8%. For storage, the specific price is driven mostly by three parameters, and all three are the result of technical decisions. The first is the C-rate: at the same capacity, higher power requires a larger converter and stronger cooling, which increases the PCS and cooling items. The second is capacity — economies of scale apply here too. The third is the cell warranty: a warranty with a longer term and higher promised capacity retention means a more expensive cell. For this reason, a bare EUR/kWh figure is misleading: without knowing the nominal and usable capacity, the guaranteed cycle count and the C-rate, two quotes cannot be compared. The fire protection design, which is determined by the installation location and its surroundings, can be a separate item.