What makes up the price of an industrial PV system?

Approximate breakdown: panels 35–40%, inverters 10–15%, mounting structure 10–12%, cabling and electrical fittings 8–10%, labor 15–20%, design and permitting 5–8%, grid connection 3–5%. These are indicative proportions — the actual split is significantly affected by the site’s conditions. The specific price (EUR/kWp) decreases with system size, because the fixed costs (design, permitting, mobilization, connection) are spread over a larger capacity. Two items cause the largest variation, and these two produce the most surprises when comparing offers. The first is the grid connection: if a new connection point or transformer is needed, this item can be a multiple of the range above. The second is the condition of the roof structure — structural reinforcement or waterproofing renovation is not a cost of the solar system, but it is a cost of the project. That is why every ICP offer starts with an on-site survey: without it, the specific price is only an estimate, not an offer.