What makes up the industrial electricity price?

The industrial electricity price consists of two main blocks, and the two behave quite differently. The first is the commercial charge (energy charge), which we pay to the supplier: the unit price of energy, the excise tax, the energy efficiency contribution, and the KÁT, premium and storage fund surcharge. The second is the network usage charge, which is regulated by MEKH and paid via the distribution system operator: volumetric charges proportional to consumption (HUF/kWh) and fixed charges payable on the contracted capacity (HUF/kW/year). Together the two make up the all-in price, and the distinction matters for savings. Solar reduces the consumption-proportional items — the energy charge and the volumetric charge — but not the contracted capacity charge, because that is determined by the peak load. Only an actual reduction of the peak lowers it, typically with battery storage. That is why the payback of an investment cannot be calculated with a single average HUF/kWh value: it depends on which items of the bill it replaces.